EUDI — European Digital Identity Wallet
Comprehensive chronology of the EU Digital Identity Wallet from eIDAS 1.0 (2014). 22 documented events — laws, security concerns, pilots, German implementation, media. All with sources.
Range: Jul 23, 2014 → May 21, 2026
- July 23, 2014 · Regulation· EU★ kritisch
eIDAS Regulation (910/2014) adopted
EU Regulation 910/2014 on electronic identification and trust services. Basis for mutual recognition of national eID systems - but hardly used: By 2020 only ~14 member states with notified eID.
Affected legal acts:Verordnung (EU) 910/2014 - September 29, 2017 · Implementation· DE
German eID (identity card function) notified
The Federal Government notifies the online ID function of the nPA as an eID system according to eIDAS at the highest level of trust (“high”).
- September 16, 2020 · Political· EU
Von der Leyen announces EU Digital Identity Wallet
In her State of the Union speech, the EU Commission President spoke for the first time about a "European e-ID that all citizens should be able to use" as part of the Digital Decade.
- June 3, 2021 · Regulation· EU★ kritisch
Commission presents eIDAS 2.0 proposal (COM(2021) 281)
Mandatory wallet requirement for all member states by 2024. Wallet should store proof of identity, driving license, educational certificates, bank details and much more. Very broad scope - immediately criticized by data protectionists and cryptographers.
Affected legal acts:Vorschlag COM(2021) 281 - February 22, 2023 · Implementation· EU
Architecture Reference Framework (ARF) v1.0
First official architectural reference for the EUDI wallet, published by the EU Commission. Describes trust frameworks, wallet functions, data formats (mDL / SD-JWT).
- ~April 1, 2023 · Pilots· EU
LSP consortia launch: POTENTIAL, EWC, NOBID, DC4EU
Four EU-wide pilot projects funded by the Commission are starting. POTENTIAL (with DE participation) focuses on eGovernment, driving licenses, bank identification, SIM activation, ePrescriptions. Duration two years, €90 million in funding.
- June 22, 2023 · Security· EU★ kritisch
500+ scientists warn about eIDAS 2.0
Open letter from over 500 cryptographers and IT security researchers (including Cas Cremers, ETH Zurich). Main criticism: Article 45 forces browsers to accept QWAC certificates issued by member states — browser manufacturers lose the ability to immediately remove compromised CAs. Risk of state man-in-the-middle attacks.
- June 29, 2023 · Political· EU
Council agrees on general approach (eIDAS 2.0)
EU member states adopt their position in the Council - the trialogue with Parliament begins.
- September 13, 2023 · Political· DE
Federal government adopts EUDI strategy
Cabinet approves national strategy for implementing the EU wallet. Lead by BMI, technical implementation by BSI + Bundesdruckerei/D-Trust.
- November 8, 2023 · Security· EU
Mozilla, Cloudflare, ISRG warn again about Art. 45
Manufacturer Alliance publishes Joint Industry Statement against the QWAC requirement in eIDAS 2.0. Argument: Undermines the Web PKI and thus the trust model of the entire World Wide Web.
- November 8, 2023 · Political· EU★ kritisch
Trilogue agreement - eIDAS 2.0 politically decided
Provisional political agreement between Council, Parliament and Commission. Wallet becomes mandatory - Member States have 24 months from entry into force to make it available. Article 45 (browser obligation) remains there, albeit defused.
- February 29, 2024 · Political· EU
EU Parliament agrees
Plenary vote in the EP: 335 yes, 190 no, 31 abstentions. This clears the way for formal acceptance in the Council.
- March 26, 2024 · Regulation· EU
Council formally adopts eIDAS 2.0
Council adopts the final version of the regulation. Publication in the official journal is pending.
- April 30, 2024 · Regulation· EU★ kritisch
Regulation (EU) 2024/1183 published in the Official Journal
eIDAS 2.0 is law. Effective on the 20th day after publication. From May 21, 2026, member states must offer at least one EUDI wallet free of charge.
Affected legal acts:Verordnung (EU) 2024/1183 · Verordnung (EU) 910/2014 (geändert) - May 20, 2024 · Regulation· EU★ kritisch
eIDAS 2.0 comes into force
Regulation 2024/1183 applicable. Start of the 24-month period for Member States to provide wallets.
Affected legal acts:Verordnung (EU) 2024/1183 - ~June 15, 2024 · Security· DE
CCC criticizes wallet as an “identity block”
Chaos Computer Club warns: Aggregated data storage in a single wallet creates attractive targets for attacks. Central device attestation gives tech companies (Apple, Google) veto rights over state wallets.
- ~July 15, 2024 · Implementation· EU
ARF v1.4 — final pre-wallet version
Final ARF iteration before national pilot rollouts begin. Detailed Specification for Wallet Solution Providers.
- ~August 21, 2024 · Pilots· DE
EN: Wallet architecture consultation
BMI/BSI publish technical concept paper on the German wallet. Public consultation runs for 8 weeks.
- ~September 10, 2024 · Security· EU
netzpolitik.org: Unlinkability not guaranteed
Research shows: The unchainability of wallet presentations promised in eIDAS 2.0 is not strictly enforced in ARF v1.4 — issuers can theoretically recognize the same citizen across transactions.
- ~March 15, 2025 · Implementation· EU
Implementing acts for eIDAS 2.0 come into force
The EU Commission publishes the first "implementing acts" - binding technical detailed rules on wallet certification, security level, interfaces.
- May 6, 2025 · Political· DE
Federal government announces pilot wallet (CDU/SPD coalition)
The new Merz/Klingbeil coalition announces a German EUDI pilot wallet by the end of 2025 in the coalition agreement. Responsible for BMDS (Federal Ministry for Digitalization and State Modernization).
- May 21, 2026 · Regulation· EU★ kritisch
DEADLINE: Member States must provide wallet
By this day at the latest, all EU member states must offer their citizens at least one free EUDI wallet. Mandatory acceptance by large online platforms (banks, telcos, "very large online platforms" in the sense of DSA) follows.
Affected legal acts:Verordnung (EU) 2024/1183