Hormuz Closure Exposes Africa's Energy Dependence on Iran and China

The ongoing restrictions on fuel trade, following the closure of the Strait of Hormuz, have led to widespread energy shortages in several parts of the world, demonstrating the vulnerabilities in many countries' energy security. As states look to develop alternative, regional supply chains or turn to alternative energy sources, such as renewables, it has become clear that the ongoing geopolitical challenges will reshape global energy trade. The U.S.-Israeli-led war on Iran led to the closure of t